169 research outputs found
Nonparametric joint shape learning for customized shape modeling
We present a shape optimization approach to compute patient-specific models in customized prototyping applications. We design a coupled shape prior to model the transformation between a related pair of surfaces, using a nonparametric joint probability density estimation. The coupled shape prior forces with the help of application-specific data forces and smoothness forces drive a surface deformation
towards a desired output surface. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method for generating customized shape models in applications of hearing aid design and pre-operative to intra-operative anatomic surface estimation
Estimation of vector fields in unconstrained and inequality constrained variational problems for segmentation and registration
Vector fields arise in many problems of computer vision, particularly in non-rigid registration. In this paper, we develop coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) to estimate vector fields that define the deformation between
objects, and the contour or surface that defines the segmentation of the objects as well.We also explore the utility of inequality constraints applied to variational problems in vision such as estimation of deformation fields in non-rigid registration and tracking. To solve inequality constrained vector
field estimation problems, we apply tools from the Kuhn-Tucker theorem in optimization theory. Our technique differs from recently popular joint segmentation and registration algorithms, particularly in its coupled set of PDEs derived from the same set of energy terms for registration and
segmentation. We present both the theory and results that demonstrate our approach
Cointegration and Extreme Value Analyses of Bovespa and the Istanbul Stock Exchange
This paper investigates the long-term financial integration and bivariate extreme dependence between Bovespa and the Istanbul Stock Exchange. While a static cointegration test presents no evidence of long-term cointegration, the introduction of a structural break into the model shows that Bovespa and the ISE were cointegrated following the local crisis in Turkey in 2000. Dynamic cointegration tests and DCC-GARCH analysis also reveal that Bovespa and the ISE reacted strongly not only to systemic crises as expected, but also unexpectedly to local crises in each other. This shows that equity prices in two emerging markets in distant regions of the world can co-move in the absence of significant trade and financial linkages. This suggests that there are underlying processes that affect equity prices other than trade, financial linkages, macroeconomic ties, and FDI as the prior literature suggests. While episodic cointegration is found for Bovespa and the ISE, the extremes of these markets still possess asymptotic independence, suggesting diversification opportunities.cointegration, structural break, dynamic conditional correlations, bivariate extreme value, emerging markets, Turkey, Brazil
Anatomical landmark based registration of contrast enhanced T1-weighted MR images
In many problems involving multiple image analysis, an im- age registration step is required. One such problem appears in brain tumor imaging, where baseline and follow-up image volumes from a tu- mor patient are often to-be compared. Nature of the registration for a change detection problem in brain tumor growth analysis is usually rigid or affine. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted MR images are widely used in clinical practice for monitoring brain tumors. Over this modality, con- tours of the active tumor cells and whole tumor borders and margins are visually enhanced. In this study, a new technique to register serial contrast enhanced T1 weighted MR images is presented. The proposed fully-automated method is based on five anatomical landmarks: eye balls, nose, confluence of sagittal sinus, and apex of superior sagittal sinus. Af- ter extraction of anatomical landmarks from fixed and moving volumes, an affine transformation is estimated by minimizing the sum of squared distances between the landmark coordinates. Final result is refined with a surface registration, which is based on head masks confined to the sur- face of the scalp, as well as to a plane constructed from three of the extracted features. The overall registration is not intensity based, and it depends only on the invariant structures. Validation studies using both synthetically transformed MRI data, and real MRI scans, which included several markers over the head of the patient were performed. In addition, comparison studies against manual landmarks marked by a radiologist, as well as against the results obtained from a typical mutual information based method were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method
Registration of brain tumor images using hyper-elastic regularization
In this paper, we present a method to estimate a deformation
field between two instances of a brain volume having tumor. The novelties
include the assessment of the disease progress by observing the healthy tissue
deformation and usage of the Neo-Hookean strain energy density model as
a regularizer in deformable registration framework. Implementations on synthetic
and patient data provide promising results, which might have relevant
use in clinical problems
Endovaskuler müdahalelerde x-ray videodan kılavuz teli izleme = Guidewire tracking in x-ray videos of endovascular interventions
Bu bildiride kalp x-ray videolarında kılavuz telinin izlenmesi
ic¸in yeni bir metot sunulmaktadır. Değgişimler hesabı kullanılarak
bir kobra eğrisini içkin ve dıştan gelen kuvvetler
ile kısıtlayarak deforme eden türevsel denklemler türetilmiştir.
Bu denklemler kullanılarak eğrinin güncellenmesi ile imgedeki
kılavuz teline uygunluğu, pürüzsüzlüğü, ve telin uzunluğunun
korunması sağlanır. Analitik olarak türettiğimiz bu denklemler
önceki metotlardan farklı olarak teğetsel terimler de
içermektedir. X-ray videolarda tipik olarak karşılaşılan zayıf
kontrasta karşı imgeye bağlı öznitelik olarak faz eşlenmesi
haritası kullanılmıs¸tır. Geliştirilen metodun başarısı deneysel
sonuçlar ile düşük kontrastlı x-ray videoları ¨uzerinde kılavuz
teli izleme ile gösterilmis¸tir
Stent implant follow-up in intravascular optical coherence tomography images
The objectives of this article are (i) to
utilize computer methods in detection of stent struts
imaged in vivo by optical coherence tomography
(OCT) during percutaneous coronary interventions
(PCI); (ii) to provide measurements for the assessment
and monitoring of in-stent restenosis by OCT post PCI.
Thirty-nine OCT cross-sections from seven pullbacks
from seven patients presenting varying degrees of
neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) are selected, and stent
struts are detected. Stent and lumen boundaries are
reconstructed and one experienced observer analyzed
the strut detection, the lumen and stent area measurements,
as well as the NIH thickness in comparison to
manual tracing using the reviewing software provided
by the OCT manufacturer (LightLab Imaging, MA,
USA). Very good agreements were found between
the computer methods and the expert evaluations
for lumen cross-section area (mean difference =
0.11 ± 0.70 mm2; r2 = 0.98, P\ 0.0001) and the
stent cross-section area (mean difference = 0.10 ±
1.28 mm2; r2 = 0.85, P value\ 0.0001). The average
number of detected struts was 10.4 ± 2.9 per crosssection
when the expert identified 10.5 ± 2.8
(r2 = 0.78, P value\0.0001). For the given patient
dataset: lumen cross-sectional area was on the average
(6.05 ± 1.87 mm2), stent cross-sectional area was
(6.26 ± 1.63 mm2), maximum angle between struts
was on the average (85.96 ± 54.23), maximum,
average, and minimum distance between the stent
and the lumen were (0.18 ± 0.13 mm), (0.08 ±
0.06 mm), and (0.01 ± 0.02 mm), respectively, and
stent eccentricity was (0.80 ± 0.08). Low variability
between the expert and automatic method was
observed in the computations of the most important
parameters assessing the degree of neointimal tissue
growth in stents imaged by OCT pullbacks. After
further extensive validation, the presented methods
might offer a robust automated tool that will improve
the evaluation and follow-up monitoring of in-stent
restenosis in patients
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